Below is WAEC syllabus for Biology (BIO), 2026/2027 . Get free Biology WAEC Syllabus questions and answers. Biology syllabus WAEC Free PDF Download. Please note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates
Biology Syllabus WAEC 2026-2027
Aims and Objectives:
- Understanding the structure and functions of living organisms and appreciation of nature.
- Acquisition of laboratory and field skills for conducting and evaluating experiments and projects in Biology.
- Acquisition of necessary scientific skills, including observing, classifying, and interpreting biological data.
- Attainment of basic knowledge in Biology for future advanced studies in biological sciences.
- Development of scientific attitudes for problem-solving.
- Application of biological principles in everyday life concerning personal, social, environmental, community health, and economic issues.
- Awareness of interrelationships between biology and other scientific disciplines.
Scheme of Examination:
- Three papers: Papers 1, 2, and 3, all compulsory.
- Papers 1 and 2 are composite papers taken in one sitting.
Paper 1:
- Consists of fifty multiple-choice objective questions drawn from Section A of the syllabus, carrying 50 marks, lasting 50 minutes.
Paper 2:
- Contains six essay questions from the entire syllabus, divided into Sections A, B, and C.
- Candidates choose two questions from Section A and answer all short-structured questions in either Section B (for Ghana candidates) or Section C (for Nigeria, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Liberia candidates).
- Each question in Section A carries 20 marks, while the short-structured questions in Sections B and C carry 30 marks each.
- Total score: 70 marks, duration: 1 hour 40 minutes.
Paper 3:
- A practical test for school candidates or a test of practical work for private candidates, lasting 2 hours, consisting of Sections A, B, and C.
- Candidates answer all questions in Section A and choose one question from either Section B (for Ghana candidates) or Section C (for other countries).
- Total score: 80 marks.
Topics Covered:
- Living and non-living things
- Classification of living things into Kingdoms
- Differences between plants and animals
- Organization of life: cell, tissue, organ, and system/organ system
- Complexity of organization in higher organisms
- Forms in which living cells exist: single and free-living, colony, filament, part of a living organism
- Cell structure and functions of cell components
- Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
- Physical and biophysical processes: diffusion, osmosis, active transport
- Nutrition and excretion in single-celled aquatic organisms
- Basis of growth: cell division (mitosis), enlargement, and differentiation
- Aspects of growth: increase in dry weight, irreversible increase in size and length, increase in the number of cells
- Influence of growth hormones and auxins
- Growth curvatures (Tropisms)
- Organelles for movement: cilia and flagella
- Cyclosis
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